This section was on zero-knowledge techniques, wherein Victor tests Peggy's knowledge of a secret without her revealing any information that Eve could use to find the secret.
1. Difficult - the first section went pretty smoothly, transitioning from the analogy back into the mathematics pretty seamlessly. The difficulty came a little more in the more complex method, wherein there are many secret square roots and it becomes increasingly difficult for somebody to masquerade as Peggy. I'm still wrapping my head around it.
2. Interesting. I understand now the reason for Peggy choosing $r$ and sending $x=r^2$ to Victor. This is to change up the answers to the questions (which are of the form $(b_1, \ldots, b_i)$) so, if in two sessions, she gets the same question, she will have different answers. This way, Eve cannot reproduce these results.
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